A cryo-SEM study of aggregate and floc structure changes during clay settling and raking processes     

Jianhua Du  Rada A. Pushkarova  Roger St.C. Smart 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,93(1):66-72

The destabilization of kaolinite suspension by anionic flocculant addition occurs in three zones; free settling, hindered settling and compression which usually includes a final bed raking process in mineral processing practice. This paper reports changes in the kaolinite aggregate and floc structures in the different settling and raking zones by cryo-vitrification/cryo-SEM techniques with image analysis combining micro- and macro-flocs. Cryo-SEM images indicate that, even during free settling, fine clay particles are bridged predominantly in edge–edge (E–E) with some face–face (F–F) configurations forming single, small flocs and some chain structures. When these small flocs and chains settle into the hindered settling zone, the collision between flocs and chains results in “honeycomb” network structures formed with lateral chain-like extension. The settled bed consists of these honeycomb structures with both inter-aggregate and intra-aggregate trapped water and has relatively low bed density (e.g. < 12 wt.% for a 2 wt.% slurry). The effect of the raking process in dramatically improving thickener underflow solids has been extensively studied but the structural changes in flocs and aggregates in this process are less well defined. Raking the compression zone for 1 h at 3 rpm can release some of the trapped water in the “honeycomb” structure and the bed density for 2 wt.% slurry improves dramatically to more than 36 wt.%. Cryo-SEM illustrates the extensive restructuring of flocs from predominantly E–E to predominantly F–F in many areas. The STructural IMage ANalysis (STIMAN) software is used to combine a series of images at magnifications from 1000× to 8000×, including both macro- and micro-flocs. This structural analysis comparing the un-raked and raked bed samples gives increases in total particle area of 30% and in relative particle area of 6%. The relatively low energy rake action of the shear stress results in the disruption of the E–E chains and the honeycomb structure, partly releasing the trapped water and inducing some E–E to F–F aggregate restructuring are clearly illustrated in these results.  相似文献   

地震现场应急指挥技术系统的结构与设计   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

姜立新  吴天安  刘在涛  张建福  姜龙 《地震》2004,24(3):35-41

地震现场应急指挥工作是防震减灾的重要组成部分, 地震现场各种信息获取与传输是其重要内容, 有关灾情的资料是政府部门防震减灾决策的重要依据。 “十五”期间, 将建设地震现场应急指挥技术系统, 目前我国在这方面的研究和建设尚处于初级阶段, 其体系结构、 关键构成、 设计和实现还有许多值得进一步研究和探讨。 文中根据“九五”的建设过程, 对该技术系统的体系结构进行了论述, 提出了初步设计方案和技术框架, 并就今后发展进行了讨论。  相似文献   

洪涝灾情快速反应的星载SAR与TM数据的融合处理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈桂红唐伶俐  戴昌达姜小光 《地球信息科学学报》2003,5(1):103-108,2

本文以1998年鄱阳湖地区发生洪涝灾害为研究实例,应用灾中的Radarsat-SAR和灾前的TM数据,以不规则三角网(TIN)方法实现了高精度几何配准。然后,通过波段相关性和信息熵值分析,选取最佳波段。最后,对不同融合模型得出的图像进行对比,得出结论:以灾中的SAR和灾前TM的一个近红外(TM5或TM7)以及一个可见光波段(TM3最佳),分别赋RGB色合成的图像效果很好,既能识别区分洪涝淹没的绝产区、土壤滞水减产区和未受灾区,并且操作简便,能满足洪涝灾情快速反应要求。  相似文献   

喀斯特地貌景观特点及旅游形象塑造   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

赖良杰  彭东 《中国岩溶》2003,22(4):318-323

在分析了喀斯特地貌旅游资源具有的景观特色、竞争特点和环境特点之后,提出喀斯特旅游地形象的塑造应以喀斯特地貌景观的特点为基础,通过对喀斯特旅游地的文脉辨析、形象调查和竞争性分析确定其形象定位,继而围绕其形象定位进行喀斯特旅游地的形象口号设计、视觉形象塑造、行为形象塑造和形象传播策略的选择,并提出在形象塑造过程中要正确处理好与自然景观的协调和喀斯特景观的可持续开发两个问题。   相似文献   

广州城市水上休闲交通意象空间探讨   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

曹小曙  薛德升  余浩然 《热带地理》2003,23(4):359-361

通过对广州城市水上休闲交通意象的调查,分析了广州城市水上休闲交通意象要素的基本特点及城市水上休闲交通意象空间特征.认为广州城市水上休闲交通意象空间未能形成一个完整的结构体系,意象空间存在相互不连续的区域,城市新的发展中尚未形成向心性较强的标志点,并未有一个比较认同的"公众形象".  相似文献   

Limnological and sedimentary processes at Sawtooth Lake,Canadian High Arctic,and their influence on varve formation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pierre Francus  Raymond S. Bradley  Ted Lewis  Mark Abbott  Mike Retelle  Joseph S. Stoner 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(3):963-985

This paper synthesizes data collected to document the modern limnological and sedimentary processes in South Sawtooth Lake located on northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Field observations show that the finely laminated sediments deposited in the distal basin are formed by the settling of overflows and interflows, and in rare occasions, by non-erosive hyperconcentrated density flows. Thin-sections of these sediments allowed for the classification of the sedimentary fabrics into six facies, each representing different limnological processes. The sediments in this distal basin are considered to be continuous and annually laminated (varved) based on radioisotope analyses, and both limnological and sedimentological evidence.  相似文献   

A data-mapping approach to 3-D wavefield redatuming     

S. Tegtmeier-Last  A. Gisolf  D. J. Verschuur 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(2):759-769

In case of a complex overburden, the seismic data can be greatly improved by applying a full wavefield redatuming procedure. In practice, the application of the redatuming process to 3-D data acquired by conventional acquisition designs is non-trivial. Because of the large amount of data involved in the 3-D redatuming process and because of the sparseness of these data, it is impossible to apply conventional wave equation datuming directly.
We present a data mapping approach to redatuming (DMR), which follows the concept of Kirchhoff data mapping. A simplified background medium where no ray bending occurs is assumed for the medium below the datum in order to map an input data set referenced to the acquisition surface to an output data set referenced to the new datum level. The DMR method can be interpreted as a simplified version of the Kirchhoff summation redatuming (KSR) method, where one of the 2-D integrals over the acquisition coordinates can be solved analytically. Consequently, in this approach fewer traces are involved in the computation of one time sample (a 2-D integral is computed instead of a 4-D integral), which makes it particularly attractive for the application to 3-D data sets.
In this paper the theory underlying data mapping redatuming is discussed and the proposed approach is tested on fully sampled 2-D and 3-D synthetic data from models with both simple and complex velocity distributions in the subsurface.
The tests clearly show that the objective of producing results that are comparable to the conventional KSR has been achieved. The redatumed traces are dynamically and kinematically correct. Furthermore, these results confirm that the dependency of the new approach on the assumed medium below the datum level is, indeed, weak because the assumption of a velocity medium where no ray bending occurs is already sufficient to produce correct results.  相似文献   

Variations of horizontal and vertical velocities over two-dimensional transverse dunes: A wind tunnel simulation of the effect of windward slope   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. Qian  Z. Dong  W. Luo  H. Wang 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(12):1109-1116

The changes in wind velocity induced by dune topography have an important significance in dune dynamics. In this paper, the horizontal and vertical velocities over six transverse dune models were measured non-intrusively by means of Particle Image Velocimetry in a wind tunnel. The windward slope angle and the free-stream wind velocity both affected the horizontal and vertical velocity components. On the windward side, the acceleration of horizontal velocity depended mainly on the windward slope angle and the height above the dune surface, but was also affected by the free-stream wind velocity. The speed-up ratio increased with increasing slope angle but decreased with increasing height. The ascending vertical velocities also increased with increasing slope angle and free-stream wind velocity. The maximum values moved upper along the dune when the windward angle became steeper. In the leeward sides, the horizontal velocity decreased and reversed because of airflow separation; the maximum reverse velocity in the separation cell was about 17% of the free-stream wind velocity. Behind the dune crest, the airflow moves downwards, and its maximum downward velocity is found near the flow reattachment point. Finally, we discussed the significance of these velocity variations for sediment transport and dune dynamics.  相似文献   

我国利用遥感数据提取土地利用现状信息的技术进展   总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27  

王宏志  朱俊林 《国土资源遥感》2000,11(3):1-6

结合作用所参加的研究工作,探讨了我国近年来利用遥感数据获取土地利用现状信息的技术方法的阶段性发展规律,并对其发展趋势做出了预测。  相似文献   

影像匹配中金字塔数据结构比较与快速算法   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

耿则勋  李勤爽 《测绘学院学报》2000,17(1):25-27

分析了多种金字塔数据结构的生成方法 ,比较了不同方法在影像匹配中的优劣 ,并提出了一种影像金字塔生成的快速算法。  相似文献